Abstract

The study examines the interrelationship between digitalization, innovation, and artificial intelligence (AI) as strategic determinants of competitiveness in the context of accelerated technological transformation. The analysis demonstrates that AI is not merely a tool for automation but a catalyst for comprehensive economic reconfiguration, shaping the capacity of enterprises – and national economies as a whole – to adapt to global competition. At the same time, specific characteristics are observed in Bulgaria concerning the pace and depth of digital transformation. The country exhibits both technological and entrepreneurial potential, yet lags behind in key indicators such as digital skills, innovation capacity, and institutional coordination. The analysis underscores the need for an integrated strategy focused on education, human capital development, and investment in AI, in order to achieve genuine economic resilience and enhanced competitiveness within the European Union.

JEL: O33, O38, L25, F63